However, base excess is a more comprehensive measurement, encompassing all metabolic contributions.

Values for bicarbonate and base excess were automatically calculated by the blood gas analyzer's program.

The latter gives a better view of the base excess of the entire extracellular fluid.

The predominant base contributing to base excess is bicarbonate.

A high base excess, thus metabolic alkalosis, usually involves an excess of bicarbonate.

Base excess is severely negative.

He jointly invented the concepts of base excess and standard base excess.

Thus, a deviation of serum bicarbonate from the reference range is ordinarily mirrored by a deviation in base excess.

While carbon dioxide defines the respiratory component of acid-base balance, base excess defines the metabolic component.

A base deficit (i.e., a negative base excess) can be correspondingly defined in terms of the amount of strong base that must be added.

Fetal metabolic acidemia is defined as an umbilical vessel pH of less than 7.20 and a base excess of less than -8.

Accordingly, measurement of base excess is defined under a standardized pressure of carbon dioxide, by titrating back to a standardized blood pH of 7.40.

In human physiology, base excess and base deficit refer to an excess or deficit, respectively, in the amount of base present in the blood.

The term and concept of base excess were first introduced by Poul Astrup and Ole Siggaard-Andersen in 1958.

Comparison of the base excess with the reference range assists in determining whether an acid/base disturbance is caused by a respiratory, metabolic, or mixed metabolic/respiratory problem.

Base excess can be estimated from the serum bicarbonate concentration ([HCO]) and pH by the equation:

Blood pH is determined by both a metabolic component, measured by base excess, and a respiratory component, measured by pCO (partial pressure of carbon dioxide).

A base deficit (a below-normal base excess), thus metabolic acidosis, usually involves either excretion of bicarbonate or neutralization of bicarbonate by excess organic acids.

A further distinction can be made between actual and standard base excess: actual base excess is that present in the blood, while standard base excess is the value when the hemoglobin is at 5 g/dl.