Frenkel defect

An interstitial atom and its associated vacancy are known as a Frenkel defect.

The Frenkel defect became firmly fixed in the physics of solids and liquids.

These Frenkel defect pairs maintain a balanced mass, site, and charge ratio throughout the relocation of the ions.

The Frenkel Defect is shown by ionic solids.

A Frenkel defect, Frenkel point defect in a crystal lattice.

A nearby pair of a vacancy and an interstitial is often called a Frenkel defect or Frenkel pair.

Ø (Cation Frenkel defect)

One form of a Frenkel defect reaction in MgO with the oxygen ion leaving the lattice and going into the interstitial site written in Kröger-Vink notation:

This behavior, typical of a semi-conductor, is attributed to a temperature-dependence of Frenkel defect formation, and, when normalized against the concentration of Frenkel defects, the Arrhenius plot linearizes.

Similarly to Schottky defect, a Frenkel defect is an intrinsic point defect that produces a vacancy site on either the cation or anion sub-lattice along with an interstitial site on that same lattice.

The irradiation can occur in the laboratory or in the nature (see Diamond enhancement - Irradiation); it produces primary defects named frenkel defects (carbon atoms knocked off their normal lattice sites to interstitial sites) and remaining lattice vacancies.

Frenkel defects occur due to thermal vibrations, and it is theorized that there will be no defects in a crystal at 0 K. The phenomenon is named after the Soviet physicist Yakov Frenkel, who discovered it in 1926.

Although impurities in the silver bromide lattice are necessary to encourage Frenkel defect formation, studies by Hamilton have shown that after a particular concentration of impurities, the number of defects of interstitial silver ions and positive kinks reduce sharply by several orders of magnitude.

Stoichiometric oxides have an integer ratio of atoms can only support coupled diffusion of anions and cations through the lattice migration of Schottky defects (paired anion/cation vacancies) or Frenkel defects (complete anion lattice with cation vacancies and intersticials).

Frenkel defects and quadropolar deformation The major defect in silver halides is the Frenkel defect, where silver ions are located interstitially (Ag) in high concentration with their corresponding negatively charged silver ion vacancies (Ag).