countercurrent flow

In countercurrent flow, the two flows move in opposite directions.

This flow of inlet gas and liquid in the opposite direction is called countercurrent flow.

In industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows.

Bony fish use countercurrent flow to maximize the intake of oxygen that can diffuse through the gill.

Key words: lid-driven cavity, laminar flow, shallow water cover, countercurrent flow.

Key words: mine tailings, water cover, wind waves, countercurrent flows, shear stress, resuspension.

It is cocurrent if the vapor is drawn from the top to the bottom of the tubes and vice versa for the countercurrent flow.

Countercurrent flow exposes the outlet gas with the lowest pollutant concentration to the freshest scrubbing liquid.

Brown stock washers, using countercurrent flow, remove the spent cooking chemicals and degraded lignin and hemicellulose.

When fully developed conditions prevail, a region of countercurrent flow (CCF) separates the end structures, which are decoupled.

Washing ranges associated with continuous preparation invariably have countercurrent flow, lidded tanks and heat recovery systems to help minimise water and energy usage.

Fish use the process known as countercurrent flow, in which water and blood flow in opposite directions across the gills, maximizing the diffusion of oxygen.

Cartilaginous fish do not have a countercurrent flow system as they lack bones which are needed to have the opened out gill that bony fish have.

His idea was to use a channel reactor with a series of oxygen lances, then have countercurrent flow of slag and metal to achieve high refining efficiency.

The countercurrent flow within the descending and ascending limb thus increases, or multiplies the osmotic gradient between tubular fluid and interstitial space.

Countercurrent flow occurs when deoxygenated blood moves through the gill in one direction while oxygenated water moves through the gill in the opposite direction.

A third and important difference is that plate exchangers employ more countercurrent flow rather than cross current flow, which allows lower approach temperature differences, high temperature changes, and increased efficiencies.

Although any device that promotes contact between air and water strips some volatile compounds, air strippers are usually packed towers or tray towers operated with countercurrent flow of water and air.

The method uses linear wave theory and countercurrent flow profiles to obtain the total bottom shear stress, which is then compared with the critical shear stress of the tailings to predict the onset of erosion and resuspension and to compute the resulting mass of suspended tailings.