Illusory superiority is often referred to as the above average effect.

Illusory superiority effects have been found in a study of health behaviors.

Researchers have also found the effects of illusory superiority in studies into relationship satisfaction.

The findings of such studies suggest that illusory superiority varies between cultures.

In this regard, it is much alike the cognitive bias known as illusory superiority.

As subjects evaluate themselves on a specific, well-defined attribute, illusory superiority remains.

The effects of illusory superiority have also been found to be strongest when people rate themselves on abilities at which they are totally incompetent.

The method used in research into illusory superiority has been found to have an implication on the strength of the effect found.

This suggests that research into illusory superiority may itself be biasing results and finding a greater effect than would actually occur in real life.

Since then, further research has both undermined that conclusion and offered new evidence associating illusory superiority with negative effects on the individual.

It was found that the effect of illusory superiority was greater in the condition where participants were free to assess the traits.

Along with illusory superiority and optimism bias, the illusion of control is one of the positive illusions.

For illusory superiority to be demonstrated by social comparison, two logical hurdles have to be overcome.

They displayed standard biases, for example rating themselves above the others on desirable qualities (demonstrating illusory superiority).

One of the main effects of illusory superiority in IQ is the Downing effect.

The phrase "illusory superiority" was first used by Van Yperen and Buunk in 1991.

The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than average.

While illusory superiority has been found to be somewhat self-serving, this does not mean that it will predictably occur: it is not constant.

First, research into illusory superiority is distinct in terms of the comparison target because an individual compares themselves with a hypothetical average peer rather than a tangible person.

Personality characteristics vary widely between people and have been found to moderate the effects of illusory superiority, one of the main examples of this is self-esteem.

Brown (1986) found that in self-evaluations of positive characteristics participants with higher self-esteem showed greater illusory superiority bias than participants with lower self-esteem.

Biases mentioned include confirmation bias, the availability heuristic, illusory superiority and the clustering illusion (the misperception of random data).

Illusory superiority has been found in studies comparing memory self-report, such as Schmidt, Berg & Deelman's research in older adults.

One of the first studies that found the effect of illusory superiority was carried out in 1976 by the College Board in the USA.

Thus it may be likely that while illusory superiority is associated with illegitimate high self-esteem, people with legitimate high self-esteem don't exhibit it.