Dodatkowe przykłady dopasowywane są do haseł w zautomatyzowany sposób - nie gwarantujemy ich poprawności.
I'd like to start an article on cloudy, the photoionisation modeling code that is used in many, many physics simulations - see for more.
PIRI works because electronic autoionization can dominate direct photoionization (photoionisation).
Photoionisation cross section in the context of condensed matter physics refers to the probability of a particle (usually an electron) being emitted from its electronic state.
(Photoionisation is a physical process in which a photon is incident on an atom, ion or molecule, resulting in the ejection of one or more electrons.)
At the higher end of the ultraviolet range, the energy of photons becomes large enough to impart enough energy to electrons to cause them to be liberated from the atom, in a process called photoionisation.
In the case of a gas or single atoms, the term photoionization is more common.
The only photoionization process involved in this case is the single-photon ionization.
Demkov et al. were perhaps the first to propose a "photoionization microscope."
In photoionization it is the minimum photon energy.
In the ensuing photoionization, a cation and a photo electron are formed for each sample molecule.
A better understanding can be achieved by defining distinct interaction regimes, hence the definition of four photoionization modes.
Ionization can also be achieved by using a photon of sufficient energy to remove an electron (this is called photoionization).
A particular photoionization mode is also very specific in terms of the ultimate chemical and structural effects induced to a given dielectric material.
This high energy radiation is absorbed by atmospheric particles, raising them to excited states and knocking electrons free in the process of photoionization.
For photon energies below the ionization threshold, the photoionization cross-section is near zero.
The final problem is that various energy-loss processes may accompany or follow the photoionization event, reducing the energy of the ejected electron.
Photoionization is like electronic excitation; the main difference is that the upper state is an ion.
A photoionization detector or PID is a type of gas detector.
The electron imager side can also be used to record photoionization cross sections, photoelectron energy and angular distributions.
The HO parent molecule is destroyed primarily through photodissociation and to a much smaller extent photoionization.
The first application of photoionization detection was as a gas chromatography (GC) ion detector.
Such a statistical approach was used for more than a hundred systems to determine accurate dissociative photoionization onsets, and derive thermochemical information from them.
Dissociative photoionization processes can be generalized as:
Photoionization energies have been determined for adamantane as well as for several bigger diamondoids.
Closely related to the atomic recoil is the electron recoil, (see photoexcitation and photoionization).
The photoionization detector is an efficient and inexpensive detector for many gas and vapor analytes.
More often than not, dissociative photoionization processes can be described within a statistical framework, similarly to the approach used in collision-induced dissociation experiments.
The company holds over 40 chemical sensor patents in the detection-sensor field, which include patents for photoionization, wireless, and radiation technologies.
This probability of observing photoionization in detectors also reproduces the probabilistic wave of quantum phenomena.
The dose distribution can be conveniently shaped by inducing a superposition of the four modes of photoionization.