thylakoid

The word thylakoid comes from the Greek word thylakos which means "sack".

A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.

A thylakoid has a flattened disk shape.

The word thylakoid come via Latin from Greek thylakos meaning "sac" or "pouch".

Oleic acid is formed from this reaction is transported to either the thylakoid or cytoplasm to complete desaturation.

This enzyme is present in bacterial membranes and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes.

Inside the photosystems embedded in chloroplast thylakoid membranes are various photosynthetic pigments, which absorb and transfer light energy.

Experiments have shown that the pH within the stroma is about 7.8, while that of the lumen of the thylakoid is 5.

This unmasks the second targeting signal and the protein is exported from the stroma into the thylakoid in a second targeting step.

The basic unit of the membrane system is a flattened single vesicle called the thylakoid; thylakoids stack into grana (sing, granum).

H+ ions from the lumen of the thylakoid into the cytosol of a cyanobacterium or the stroma of a chloroplast.

The helices ascend at an angle of 20-25 , connecting to each granal thylakoid at a bridge-like slit junction.

The membranes of the thylakoid contain photosystems I and II which harvest solar energy to excite electrons which travel down the electron transport chain.

An example of this begin an extension of a thylakoid within a chloroplast, linking a thylakoid within one granum to one in another.

As a result of accumulated oxidative stress and the damage to the thylakoid of chloroplasts there is a increase in degradation of the symbiosis and the symbionts will eventually abandon their host.

Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating in the stroma, but it is now thought that they are permanently attached either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid.

F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase (also called ATP synthase), is an ATPase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes, and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes.

One model has the granum as a stack of thylakoids linked by helical stromal thylakoids; the other has the granum as a single folded thylakoid connected in a "hub and spoke" way to other grana by stromal thylakoids.

Because of the H gradient across the thylakoid membrane, the interior of the thylakoid is acidic, with a pH around 4, while the stroma is slightly basic, with a pH of around 8.

Extensive SQDG accumulation was observed in apple shoot bark and wood (Okanenko, 1977) and in pine thylakoid during the autumn hardening, while heat and drought action upon wheat, at NaCl action in the halophyte Aster tripolium.

A steep H+ gradient is formed, which allows chemiosmosis to occur, where the thylakoid, transmenbrane ATP-synthase serves a dual function as a "gate" or channel for H+ ions and a catalytic site for the formation of ATP from ADP + a P0-4 ion.